Process Datasheet

Published - Tue, 20 Jun 2023
Created by  modcal modcal

Process Datasheet

Process Datasheet
For efficient operations and high productivity in the world of business processes, accurate and efficient information management is essential. Process Datasheet is one such vital tool for all oil and gas jobs. From architecture and production to oil and gas, process datasheets play a vital role in ensuring smooth communication, facilitating equipment procurement, and driving productive decision - making. The importance of operation datasheets, their construction, and how they streamline operations in various industries will all be covered in this article.
Method datasheets are one of the crucial process deliverables produced during a project's in-depth design phase. Every project must define every piece of equipment, and process datasheets must estimate the equipment prior to purchase. Once the Process team prepares the P & ID( Piping and Instrumentation Diagram ), the next phase is to create process data sheets for each piece of equipment. To get prices, these process datasheets can be sent to vendors or vendors.

A Procedure Data Sheet: What Is It?
A procedure datasheet summarizes how well a system or piece of equipment performs. The procedure sheet for starting the detailed design specifies the technical characteristics of the equipment or system. They are also referred to as operation equipment or design datasheets. All the fundamental technical requirements( Design Data ) to specify equipment( technical specification ) are provided in the process datasheet.
A unified source of information about a particular part or piece of machinery used in an industrial process is provided by procedure datasheets. These papers provide a standardized format for capturing essential technical information, specifications, and operational requirements. Procedure datasheets act as a bridge between executive and purchasing teams, enabling effective collaboration and reducing the risk of confusion.


  • Understanding Procedure Datasheets
    Construction and Components of Method Datasheets
    Procedure datasheets for oil and gas industries usually contain the following sections:
    General Information:
    The name of the products, its tag number, and a brief explanation of its purpose are all included in this section. It provides an overview of the car's goal and its inclusion within the general procedure.
    Process Parameters:
    Here, essential process parameters are documented, including temperature, pressure, circulation rates, and any other related operational variables. These criteria aid in figuring out whether the machinery is appropriate for a particular method.
    Design and Construction:
    This section outlines the car's design specifications, building materials, dimensions, and assembly requirements. It ensures that the purchasing group you select the right equipment that aligns with the operation needs and meets industry standards.
    Performance and Efficiency:
    Process datasheets emphasize the performance characteristics and performance metrics of the gear. This data assists in evaluating the car's ability to meet output targets, energy performance goals, and overall process optimization.
    Overall each method datasheet often includes:

    General size of the equipment
    Variety of equipment,
    approximate geometry( length, diameter, etc. )
    Recognition of the tie-in point connections and nozzle,
    Materials used in the construction of the equipment( material, corrosion allowance, cladding, and lining requirements, etc. )
    Full range of operating conditions( Design Pressure, Design and Operating temperature, Test Pressure, Fluid Type, etc ).
    Certain information and remarks.
    The Process Datasheet often includes a basic diagram to quickly communicate the technical specifications to the merchant, supplier, or clients. Technical datasheets for a piece of technology are often prepared using the method datasheets as a reference. Fig. 1 beneath shows an example of a typical process sheet pattern.

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Pipe Modeling using AVEVA E3D software
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The Basics Of Piping Stress Analysis
The Basics Of Piping Stress Analysis
Piping systems constitute a major part of modern chemical plants, by some estimates accounting for 20–35% of the total cost of facilities. Unfortunately, piping systems have caused many reliability and safety incidents. So, their reliability, integrity and safety demand rigorous evaluation.Piping stress analysis is a critical tool to prevent premature failure of piping and piping components and ensure piping stresses and all related loads remain within allowable limits. It enables the timely checking and verification of important parameters such as stresses, loading, leakage, safety of related and connected equipment (nozzles), and piping deflection. Here, we’ll review the basics of piping stress analysis and also present a case study.Piping configuration, nozzle loads, spans and supports all impart stresses on the system. It is essential to confirm that different parts and components can withstand the stresses (internal pressure, thermal stresses, etc.) posed by regular, transient and abnormal operations as well as maintenance, e.g., pressure testing. In addition, the analysis should consider occasional and intermittent events such as vibration, fluid hammer, flow-induced vibration, high wind, earthquakes and more.Flexibility AnalysisPiping stress analysis involves different tasks and checks. A key one is flexibility analysis. This evaluates the ability of piping to deform elastically. A piping system should be flexible enough to handle potential thermal expansion/contraction or movement of supports or piping endpoints, thus preventing failure of piping and supports due to excessive stresses. Deciding upon the necessary flexibility requires consideration of:1. Maximum allowable limit of stress in various parts and components. The many reported failures in welds, pipes, fittings, elbows, etc., underscore this as a major concern. An important factor is operating temperature because both high and low temperature reduce the allowable stress. Another factor in high-pressure systems (particularly for large-diameter piping) is hoop stress, which usually is high and can account for a substantial portion of the overall stress and leave a low margin for stresses due to bending, torsion, axial deflection, etc. For instance, a high bending load on a flange set may cause a leak. The pressure rating limits of valves, flanges and other equipment require checking.2. Maximum allowable forces and moments the piping system can impose on any connected nozzle. Often called the nozzle load limits, they can be a significant limiting factor, particularly on delicate equipment where allowable nozzle loads could be very low.3. Maximum allowable load that can be applied on supports. Different factors such as the support itself or supporting structure can set this limit.4. Displacements existing within the piping system. An example is the gap with nearby piping systems.A systematic procedure is needed to check all these limits for every section and subsystem of the entire piping system. Support location is very important because wrong support placement may lead to failure of that section and then of the whole associated piping system. So, first the maximum permissible span is calculated by considering all loading conditions. This often is a set of estimated spans that later are confirmed via a thorough stress and modal analysis. Support locations and types then are inserted and adjusted until all flexibility requirements (stress, displacement, reaction loads, nozzle loads, etc.) and other requirements (such as modal, dynamic, etc.) are satisfied.Concerns And ChallengesPiping stress analysis poses a number of key concerns. The first relates to code stress and allowable stress. Different codes and standards offer disparate methods to calculate code stress and allowable stress.Other major concerns are issues around stress intensification factor (SIF), flexibility factor, branch connections and, generally, any complex fittings or components in piping. The geometry of fittings (such as branch connections, bends, reducers, etc.) can significantly influence the flexibility of a piping system. They change cross-sectional shape under the action of bending moments and other loadings and, thus, provide greater flexibility than the same length of straight pipe. 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It is essential to exercise good judgement in defining the operating conditions of isolated sections, transition parts and those items not subject to defined process conditions in each operating case. Usually, a piping system can encounter multiple potential scenarios. Indeed, it is not uncommon to specify 8 or 9 operating cases for some piping systems. This leads to a far greater number of loading cases — often 100 or more — because they combine elements of different scenarios.Verification of results is another important step, especially with software that involves manual specification of input and load cases. The thermal movement, deformations, stresses, forces and other output results require careful checking to ensure no input or numerical error has occurred.In addition, as already mentioned, each piping system can encounter a variety of operating cases. 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This piping, shown during construction, requires careful stress analysis to ensure it can cope with attached equipment.Another challenge is that different sets of limits and allowable parameters need checking. Confirmation of stresses, nozzle loads, support loads, displacements and other parameters is crucial as is verification that those key parameters are within specified limits in all possible combinations.The next source of complication is when a parameter, such as stress, load, etc., exceeds the specified limit in a loading case. The formulated modification to solve the issue should not cause any difficulties in other operating cases, and all key parameters (stresses, loads, etc.) in all those combinations and scenarios still should stay within specified limits.Supports And High StressThe details of supports such as support types, their load limits, their characters and options can significantly affect the piping layout and piping stress analysis. Weak supports with low load limits can cause serious problems because support loads can easily exceed the limits, necessitating re-configuration. Proper support may require a variety of kinds of support to cover different locations and types of piping.The general strategy is to use an optimum stiff support scheme to keep movements as well as modal and natural frequencies under control. Piping can be subjected to a wide range of dynamic excitations from rotating machines, flow-induced vibration, pressure transients and other causes. Therefore, it makes sense to adopt a conservative support approach (or relatively stiff scheme); this typically involves the use of gripping and clamping supports, such as U-bolts, clamps, guides with optimum gaps and the like, to keep the piping under control. 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In addition, access and other issues made providing a support in that section difficult.Accurate stress analysis always is the best way to see if a piping configuration is suitable and whether or not additional support is required. Using stress analysis software, the maximum stress was obtained around 100 Mpa at the elbow/pipe juncture near the nozzle equipment for the cold operation case (weight + cold temperature + pressure). Compared to an allowable stress of around 160 Mpa at the cold operating condition, the overall configuration was acceptable. Nozzle loads also were below the limits. The calculated first natural frequency was around 9.7 Hz for the dynamic movement in lateral direction (y). This exceeded the 9-Hz limit for this part of piping mandated by plant requirements. In addition, detailed studies proved there was no potential for resonance, flow-induced vibration and dynamic issues. The conclusion was the piping was acceptable — although some stringent guidelines would consider the stress, span and natural frequency as marginal — and an additional support was not required. The piping was fabricated in this way. It is operating successfully and without trouble.

Tue, 17 Oct 2023
Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams : P&IDS
Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams : P&IDS
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) is a drawing elaborating the details of piping and instrumentation of a processing plant, developed at the design stage. P&ID is later used for assistance for construction of the corresponding plant and for operating that plant. P&IDs of a plant are developed by process design engineers and are followed by instrumentation and piping engineers. 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Sometime ‘Hold’ is used to indicate uncertainty about relevant data.Interconnections (OPC) – are shown between lines (piping OPC) and instrument signals (Instrument OPC) present on two different P&ID sheets. Sometime these interconnectors are also assigned with a unique tag number. For easy identification of the connections between two P&IDs. A connector present on two different drawing connection a line or a signal carries the same tag number.Because of the numerous details involved in P&IDs for each equipment, usually only one main equipment is shown on one P&ID sheet with related instruments and piping.Contents and functionA piping and instrumentation diagram/drawing (P&ID) is defined by the Institute of Instrumentation and Control as follows:A diagram which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the instrumentation used to control the process. In the process industry, a standard set of symbols is used to prepare drawings of processes. 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During the design stage, the diagram also provides the basis for the development of system control schemes, allowing for further safety and operational investigations, such as a Hazard and operability study commonly pronounced as HAZOP.For processing facilities, it is a pictorial representation ofKey piping and instrument detailsControl and shutdown schemesSafety and regulatory requirementsBasic start up and operational informationList of P&ID itemsInstrumentation and designationsMechanical equipment with names and numbersAll valves and their identificationsProcess piping, sizes and identificationMiscellanea – vents, drains, special fittings, sampling lines, reducers, increasers and swaggersPermanent start-up and flush linesFlow directionsInterconnections referencesControl inputs and outputs, interlocksInterfaces for class changesComputer control systemIdentification of components and subsystemsPiping and Instrumentation Diagram Example :

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